Prototyping Naturalistic Enrichment Features: A Case Study

While working on the research and design phase of a naturalistic Asian rainforest exhibit for the California Science Center’s World of Ecology exhibit, we had the unique opportunity to research and develop innovative habitat components intended to showcase naturalistic behaviors. In many cases, the cost of designing and constructing truly naturalistic enrichment devices may not be worthwhile, particularly when it is uncertain how target taxa may respond. We were tasked with the challenge of designing, constructing, testing, and assessing naturalistic enrichment prototypes for siamangs (Hylobates syndactylus), babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa), crocodile monitors (Varanus salvadorii), and Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis). Design objectives included: 1) striking a balance between ensuring sound husbandry while maintaining the natural appearance of the exhibit; 2) providing animals the opportunity and motivation to express species-typical behaviors; and 3) exploring enrichment options within the context of the natural exhibit design. Data were collected by observing animals that were well habituated to their enclosures. Analysis of the data provided valuable design insight and suggested that modifications range from none to some changes necessary to fully achieve design objectives. INTRODUCTION As animal behavior specialist (Whittaker) and zoo exhibit specialist (Coe), we have endeavored to offer enriched environments that would motivate and stimulate animals to express a wide range of natural behaviors and to be challenged to fully use their physical and mental attributes. These same features create dynamic exhibits that provide visitors with an enhanced experience and opportunity to view active animals. With the many advances and trends in animal exhibition in zoological facilities, providing animals with enrichment options that fit the exhibit themes can be challenging. Naturalistic exhibits and landscape immersion exhibits, now considered international best practice (Coe, in press) should a) ensure sound husbandry while maintaining natural appearance, b) provide animals the opportunity and motivation to express species-typical behaviors, c) be aesthetically pleasing to the public, d) meet institutional objectives regarding conservation education and animal exhibitory, e) while facilitating management requirements and f) maintaining psychologically and physically healthy inhabitants.